The UN convention on the Rights of Child which lndia ratified in 1992, lists the following as the Rights of the child.
- The Right to survival : According to the convention, the "Right to survival includes the right to life, the attainable standard of health, nutrition and an adequate standard of living. It also includes the right to a name and nationality". These rights seek to ensure that the children have nutritious food, potable drinking water, a secure home and access to health facilities.
- The Rights to Protection : According to the convention, this right includes freedom from all forms of exploitation, abuse and inhuman or degrading treatment. This Includes the right to special protection in situations of emergency and armed conflict. The aim is simple, to protect vulnerable children from those who would take advantage of them and to safeguard their minds and bodies.
- The Right to development : The right includes the right to be educated, to receive support for development and care during early childhood and to social security. It also includes the right to leisure, to recreation and to cultural activities. This right seeks to ensure that children can study and play with whomever they want, practice their own religion and culture and accept their own uniqueness of other cultures and religion.
- The Right to participation : According to the convention, the Riqht to participation accords the child access to appropriate information and the freedom of thought and expression, conscience and religion. In addition to this, one ought to respect the views of the child. The aim here is to see that the children are able to develop their own set of values and principles and that they have the opportunity to express themselves and their own opinions.
Apart from the Rights of Child laid down by the U.N.Conventions following are some of the Rights of child laid down by different Acts & the Indian Constitution:
- No person below eighteen years of age shall be allowed to work in any mine or part thereof (The Mines(Amendment) Act 1983).
- No child who has not completed his fourteenth year shall be required or allowed to work in any factory(The factories Act, 1948).
The Juvenile Justice Act, 1986:
The Juvenile Justice Act was enacted to provide for the care, protection, treatment, development and rehabilitation of neglected or delinquent juveniles and for the adjudication of certain matters related to and desposition of delinquent juveniles.
Childline:
Childline is a 24 hour free emergency phone service for children in need of care and protection. This service was set up in order to reach out to children who were being denied their rights. Every child /concerned adult can dial 1098 to access this service. This service has already been functioning in major cities of India and is shortly being opened in Guwahati.
Click Here to access Childline Website